Kev ua haujlwm hnyav ua roj teeb tshuab
Nyob rau hauv cov nthwv dej ntawm lub zog tshiab tig, roj teeb, raws li cov tub ntxhais tseem ceeb ntawm lub zog cia thiab hloov dua siab tshiab, muaj ib txwm ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb. Los ntawm cov thawj coj-kua roj teeb rau cov roj teeb lithium-ion, txhua qhov sib tsoo thev naus laus zis tau hloov pauv tau zoo heev. Niaj hnub no, kev hloov pauv tshiab yog cov roj teeb-lub xeev hluav taws xob yog kev hloov ntawm lub chaw kuaj mob rau lub brink ntawm kev lag luam. Nws puas tuaj yeem tuav tus yuam sij rau kev qhib lub sijhawm thaum yav tom ntej ntawm kev ua rau lub zog?
I. Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Tawm Tsam ntawm Cov Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob: Lub teeb tsa lub roj teeb rov qab
1.1 Kev cuam tshuam ua haujlwm ntawm cov kua rau cov khoom
Tsoos cov roj teeb lithium-ion txo qis rau cov kua electrolytes kom pab txhawb kev thauj khoom lithium-ion ntawm lub Cathode thiab Anode. Txawm li cas los xij, tus qauv tsim no tau muaj cov flaws: kua electrolytes yog cov nplaim taws thiab tawg, thiab lawv tuaj yeem ua rau tus nqaj hlau thiab ua rau muaj kev voj voog luv luv. Cov roj teeb-lub luag haujlwm, ntawm qhov tod tes, ua kua tso kua hluav taws xob (xws li sulfides (oxides, lossis polymer cov ntaub ntawv ". Qhov kev hloov pauv no tsis tsuas yog txhim kho kev nyab xeeb tab sis kuj tseem kho cov roj teeb kev tsim qauv logic.
1.2 Cov Cuab Yeej Cuab Tam ntawm Cov Qauv Sandwich
Cov qauv tseem ceeb ntawm lub roj teeb-lub xeev muaj peb txheej: cathode, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, thiab anode. Tus Cathode feem ntau siv cov ntaub ntawv qib siab (piv txwv li, cov ntaub ntawv lithium nplua nuj manganese-nplua nuj), thaum lub anode tuaj yeem ua haujlwm lithium hlau lossis silicon-based cov ntaub ntawv. Raws li cov Lithium-ion cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ua kom txaus siab ua kom tiav ionic conduction, tsawg hluav taws xob kev coj zoo, thiab tshuaj ntsuab \/ tshuab ruaj khov. Piv txwv li, Sulfide Electrolyte Lib Electrolyte Like10geP2s12 (LGPS) muaj qhov kev nkag siab txog kev ua kua electrolytes thiab yuav tsum tau tsim nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig qhuav tas nrho.
1.3 Cov Txheej Txheem Tsim Kev Lag Luam
Cov txheej txheem tsim khoom ntawm cov roj teeb-lub teeb sib txawv txawv ntawm cov roj teeb ib txwm muaj. Siv cov yeeb yaj kiab electrolyte ua piv txwv, cov txheej txheem ntub dej cuam tshuam nrog cov pwm hluav taws xob, thiab tom qab cov yeeb yaj kiab evaporation, thiab tom qab cov yeeb yaj kiab evaporation, thiab tom qab cov yeeb yaj kiab evaporation, thiab tom qab tsim zaj duab xis yog tsim. Cov txheej txheem qhuav, ntawm qhov tod tes, ncaj qha cov zaj duab xis los ntawm dov, txau, thiab lwm txoj hauv kev. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov roj teeb-lub xeev tau xav kom siv tau cov khoom siv thev naus laus zis kom zoo rau kev sib cuag thiab ua kom cov khoom siv ion kom ntseeg tau.
Ii. Kev siv thev naus laus zis: ib qho kev sib tsoo ntawm lub zog ntom thiab kev nyab xeeb
2.1 ib qho leap nyob rau hauv lub zog ntom ntom
Lub zog ceev ntawm cov roj teeb-lub luag haujlwm deb tshaj li ntawm cov roj teeb lithium-ion. Siv cov ntaub ntawv ntsuas ua piv txwv, Sunwoda tau tsim lub roj teeb
Cathode Cov Txiaj Ntsig: High-Voltage Cov Khoom Siv (piv txwv li, cov ntaub ntawv lithium-nplua nuj messorgese-nplua nuj
Anode Revolution: Lithium hlau Anode muaj lub peev xwm uas muaj peev xwm txog li 3860mah \/ g, uas yog ntau tshaj 10 zaug ntawm graphite anodes.
Cov qauv tsim qauv: lub luag haujlwm hauv lub xeev tuaj yeem txuas nrog hauv cov ntawv sau ua ntej ntim, txo cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsis zoo thiab txhim kho kev siv hluav taws xob tsis sib xws.
2.2 Qhov kev txhim kho tseem ceeb hauv kev nyab xeeb
Kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov roj teeb-lub luag haujlwm ntawm lawv cov khoom:
Tsis yog-flammability: cov khoom electrolytes tsis xau lossis volatilize, tag nrho tshem tawm cov kev pheej hmoo.
Kuj rau Lithium Dendrites: cov khoom siv electrolytes muaj siab cov tshuab zog muaj zog, ua rau muaj kev loj hlob lithium dendrite kev loj hlob.
Kev ntsuas huab cua ntau tag nrho tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ntawm cov chaw puag ncig los ntawm kev ua haujlwm 80 degree, nrog kev ua tau zoo dua li roj teeb.
2.3 Ib qho leap hauv kev voj voog
Lub voj voog lub neej ntawm cov roj teeb ua kua yog hais txog 1500-2000 kev voj voog tuaj yeem mus txog {{kycles. Cov laj thawj tseem ceeb yog:
Tshuaj lom neeg ruaj khov: cov khoom siv hluav taws xob muaj tsawg dua sab kev sib xyaw nrog cov khoom siv electrode.
Cov txheej txheem ruaj khov: cov roj teeb-lub luag haujlwm muaj tsawg zaus hloov pauv thaum them thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsis tshua yuav tsis ua haujlwm.
III. Cov kev sib tw nruj: Stumbling blocks nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem muaj kev lag luam
3.1 Cov Khoom Siv thiab Siv Teeb Meem
Cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov roj teeb-lub xeev muaj nqi. Siv cov qauv sulfide ua piv txwv, cov nqi khoom tseem ceeb li 7 lab tus nqi ntau dua li 76 yuan \/ wh, uas yog plaub zaug ntawm cov roj teeb kua. Txawm tias muaj kev ua tau zoo ntawm sulfide electrolytes, lawv rhiab heev rau kev ya raws thiab nyiam ua kom muaj kev nyuaj siab thiab tus nqi.
3.2 Cov teeb meem cuam tshuam thiab cov kev siv hluav taws xob
Kev sib cuag siab tsis kam tiv taus ntawm cov khoom siv tau ruaj khov txo ion thauj khoom. Tam sim no, iSostatic nias thev naus laus zis tuaj yeem ua kom tau kev sib cuag zoo, tab sis cov txheej txheem yog cov khoom lag luam nyuaj thiab khoom siv yog loj. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsim qauv txheej txheem tseem tsis tau paub tab, thiab teeb meem xws li cov kev tswj tuab thiab kev sib tw nyob twj ywm.
3.3 Cov kev sib tw nyob rau hauv kev tsim khoom loj-teev
Cov txheej txheem ntau lawm ntawm lub teeb meem-lub teeb txawb teeb sib txawv los ntawm qhov roj teeb ib txwm, xav tau cov kab ua haujlwm nkaus xwb. Piv txwv li, Sulfide electrolytes yuav tsum tau tsim nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig ib puag ncig qhuav, uas yog kim heev. Txawm hais tias polymer electrolytes yog ib qho yooj yim rau cov txheej txheem, lawv cov chav tsawg-ionic conductivity yuav tsum tau siv cov khoom siv cua sov.
IV. Kev Lag Luam Kev Ua Lag Luam: Qhov kev kaj ntug ntawm ib puas-billion-las ua lag luam
4.1 Lub Tsheb Zog Hluav Taws Xob: Kev daws teeb meem kawg rau kev ntxhov siab ntau yam
Lub zog loj ntom ntawm cov roj teeb-lub luag haujlwm tuaj yeem ua kom lub tsheb khiav hluav taws xob ntau heev. Piv txwv li, lub tsheb hluav taws xob tau nruab nrog 500Wh \/ KG Nrig-lub roj teeb tau muaj kev tsav tsheb dhau 1000 mais. Nws yog kwv yees tias 2030, kev hloov khoom lag luam thoob ntiaj teb-hauv lub xeev
4.2 Zog Khoom: Ntsuas Kev Nyab Xeeb Kev Nyab Xeeb thiab Ua Haujlwm
Hauv cov xwm txheej xws li daim phiaj xwm hluav taws xob cia thiab tsev hluav taws xob cia, qhov kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov roj teeb-lub luag haujlwm ntawm lub luag haujlwm. Lawv lub neej ntev ntev tuaj yeem txo cov nqi voj voog tag nrho ntawm lub neej thiab txhawb nqa kev loj hlob sai hauv kev khaws lub zog cia. Nws cia siab tias los ntawm 2030, qhov kev thov rau cov roj teeb-lub luag haujlwm hauv cov chaw cia khoom siv hluav taws xob yuav suav tau rau 25% ntawm kev ua lag luam thoob ntiaj teb.
4.3 Cov teb pib: xauv hluav taws xob ntom ntom ntom
Cov liaj teb tawm xws li EVTOL (hluav taws xob ntsug caij tsheb thiab tsaws tsheb) thiab cov neeg sib tw ntawm tib neeg muaj rau cov roj teeb hluav taws xob ntau heev. Nrog lawv lub zog siab ntom ntom thiab ntau qhov kub tau yoog, ruaj khov roj teeb yuav dhau los ua cov peev txheej tseem ceeb hauv cov teb no.
4.4 Cov Neeg Ua Lag Luam thiab Kev Txhawb Txoj Cai
Kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb tau nrawm nrawm-hauv lub teeb meem kev tshawb nrhiav roj teeb thiab kev loj hlob. Cov tuam txhab Japanese Toyota thiab Hasdas tau tsom mus rau ntawm cov roj teeb-pob hluav taws xob txhawb nqa cov peev txheej ua kom tiav los ntawm kev txhawb nqa hluav taws xob los ntawm kev nqis peev ntawm lub xeev.
V. Kev Pom Zoo Yav Tom Ntej: Qhov kaj ntug ntawm cov khoom siv roj teeb-lub xeev hluav taws xob
Kev siv roj teeb-lub xeev thev naus laus zis yog nyob rau theem tseem ceeb ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm chav kuaj kev lag luam. Hauv lub sijhawm luv luv, cov roj teeb-lub xeev yuav siv raws li kev hloov thev naus laus zis; Nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntev, tag nrho-tau-lub luag roj teeb yuav hloov pauv lub zog cia toj roob hauv pes. Nrog kev sib tsoo hauv cov khoom siv science thiab kev tsim khoom, cov roj teeb-{xyoo dhau los, dhau los ua tus tub ntxhais tsav tsheb lub zog tshiab hloov tshiab.
Tag
Cov roj teeb-lub luag haujlwm tsis yog tsuas yog ua ntu zus hauv cov roj teeb thev naus laus zis tab sis kuj muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm tib neeg kev siv hluav taws xob. Nrog lawv lub zog siab ceev, intrinsic kev nyab xeeb, thiab lub sijhawm ntev ntev, lawv qhib lub zog hluav taws xob rau cov tsheb hluav taws xob, cia khoom siv hluav taws xob, thiab tawm cov thev naus laus zis. Txawm hais tias txoj kev rau kev lag luam yog tseem tau txais kev cov nyom, lawv yuav dhau los ua lub zog kub kom tsis txhob muaj zog, lawv yuav dhau los ua lub zog, ntau dua, thiab kev nyab xeeb dua tshiab era.