Los ntawm cov xov tooj smartphones mus rau lub zog tshiab tsheb, los ntawm drones mus rau lub zog cia chaw nres tsheb, cov roj teeb lithium yog nyob txhua qhov chaw. Raws li "pob zeb ntawm lub zog" nyob rau hauv niaj hnub thev naus laus zis thev naus laus zis, lithium roj teeb tau tshwm sim los ua "tus thawj coj" tsis muaj teeb meem hauv tsev neeg roj teeb, ua tsaug rau lawv lub zog siab ceev, lub neej ntev, thiab lub teeb yuag. Yog li, vim li cas cov roj teeb lithium ua tus thawj? Tsab ntawv xov xwm no yuav nthuav tawm "kev zais zais ntawm kev tswj hwm" ntawm cov roj teeb lithium los ntawm plaub qhov loj: cov qauv txheej txheem, kev ua tau zoo, kev siv cov xwm txheej, thiab cov qauv yav tom ntej.
I. Cov Ntsiab Cai: Lub "Rocking Chair" Dance ntawm Lithium Ions
Lub hauv paus ntawm cov roj teeb lithium yog nyob rau hauv kev hloov pauv hloov pauv ntawm lithium ions. Lawv lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ua haujlwm tuaj yeem piv rau "lub rooj zaum rocking": qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo electrodes yog ob qhov kawg ntawm lub rooj zaum rocking, thaum lithium ions "khiav" rov qab los ntawm lawv thaum them thiab tawm.
Kev them nyiaj yug: Thaum lub hwj chim sab nraud them lub roj teeb, lithium atoms hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo (xws li lithium cobalt oxide lossis lithium hlau phosphate) poob electrons thiab ua lithium ions (Li⁺). Cov ions no ces tsiv los ntawm electrolyte (kua lossis khoom) mus rau qhov tsis zoo electrode. Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsis zoo (xws li graphite) muaj cov txheej txheem txheej uas tso cai rau cov lithium ions yuav tsum tau embedded ntawm graphite txheej, tsim lithium -carbon compounds. Lub peev xwm them nyiaj yog nyob ntawm tus naj npawb ntawm lithium ions embedded hauv qhov tsis zoo electrode.
Cov txheej txheem tshem tawm: Thaum lub roj teeb muab lub zog rau sab nraud, cov lithium ions embedded nyob rau hauv graphite txheej ntawm cov electrode tsis zoo raug tso tawm thiab rov qab mus rau cov khoom siv electrode zoo, sib txuas nrog cov electrons los ua lithium atoms. Lub peev xwm tso tawm yog nyob ntawm tus naj npawb ntawm lithium ions rov qab mus rau qhov zoo electrode.
Thoob plaws hauv cov txheej txheem no, lithium ions yeej ib txwm muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ionic es tsis yog lithium hlau, uas yog vim li cas lithium roj teeb raug xa mus rau "lithium{0}} roj teeb lithium." Qhov kev tsim no zam qhov teeb meem ntawm dendrite kev loj hlob cuam tshuam nrog cov hlau lithium, ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb zoo.
II. Kev Ua Tau Zoo: Rau Cov Yam Tseem Ceeb Uas Ua Lithium Roj Teeb yog "King of Battery"
Siab zog ceev: Lithium yog ib qho ntawm cov hlau lightest nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm lub sij hawm, nrog ib tug atomic hnyav ntawm tsuas yog 6.94. Cov roj teeb lithium muaj qhov nominal voltage ntawm 3.7V, uas yog 1.85 npaug ntawm cov hlau lead-acid roj teeb (2V) thiab 3 npaug ntawm nickel-hlau hydride roj teeb (1.2V). Qhov no txhais tau hais tias cov roj teeb lithium tuaj yeem khaws ntau lub zog hauv tib lub ntim lossis qhov hnyav. Piv txwv li, lub roj teeb pob ntawm Tesla Model 3 muaj lub zog ceev ntawm 168 Wh / kg, uas yog 3-5 npaug ntawm cov roj teeb txhuas-acid.
Lub Neej Ntev: Cov roj teeb lithium tuaj yeem tiv taus 1,000-2,000 lossis ntau dua tus nqi- lub voj voog tawm, nrog rau siab- cov khoom kawg siab tshaj 3,000 cycles. Piv txwv li, lithium hlau phosphate roj teeb tuaj yeem ua tiav 2, 500 1C them- lub voj voog tawm nrog lub peev xwm lwj tsawg dua 20%. Hauv qhov sib piv, cov roj teeb lead-acid feem ntau muaj lub neej voj voog tsuas yog 300-500 cycles.
Lub teeb hnyav tsim: Lithium roj teeb hnyav tsuas yog ib qho - thib peb ntawm cov hlau lead- cov roj teeb kua qaub thiab ib nrab ntawm cov nickel - cov roj teeb hlau hydride. Cov yam ntxwv no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov tsheb fais fab thiab cov khoom siv nqa tau yooj yim. Piv txwv li, lub tsheb fais fab uas muaj cov roj teeb lithium tuaj yeem ua tiav 50% ntev dua piv rau cov qauv siv lead-acid roj teeb.
Fast Charging Muaj peev xwm: Lithium roj teeb txhawb kev them nqi ntawm 1C lossis siab dua, nrog qee cov khoom muaj peev xwm ncav cuag 80% them hauv ib teev xwb. Piv txwv li, CATL's Qilin roj teeb txhawb nqa 4C ceev them, tso cai rau 400 mais ntawm ntau yam ntxiv hauv 10 feeb xwb.
Tsawg Tus Kheej - Tus Nqi Tshaj Tawm: Lithium roj teeb muaj ib lub hli tus kheej - paug tus nqi tsuas yog 2%-5% thaum tsis ua haujlwm, qis dua li ntawm cov nickel-cadmium roj teeb (15%-30%) thiab cov roj teeb nickel-hlau hydride (30%-50%). Qhov no txhais tau hais tias cov roj teeb lithium tuaj yeem khaws cov nqi siab dua txawm tias cov khoom siv tsis raug siv rau lub sijhawm ntev.
Environmental Friendliness: Cov roj teeb lithium tsis muaj cov hlau hnyav xws li txhuas lossis cadmium, thiab lawv cov cuab yeej siv dua tshiab tau paub tab. Lub ntiaj teb no recycling tus nqi ntawm lithium roj teeb ntau tshaj 90%, nrog rau cov ntaub ntawv uas siv tau recycled nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov roj teeb tshiab, tsim ib tug kaw - voj kev lag luam.
III. Daim ntawv thov Scenario: Los ntawm Consumer Electronics mus rau Industrial Energy Storage
Consumer Electronics: Smartphones, ntsiav tshuaj, laptops, thiab lwm yam khoom siv portable cia siab rau lithium roj teeb rau lub hwj chim. Piv txwv li, iPhone 15 nta 3,279 mAh lithium roj teeb uas txhawb nqa txog 20 teev ntawm kev ua yeeb yaj kiab.
Hluav taws xob tsheb: Cov roj teeb lithium yog cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm lub zog tshiab. Xyoo 2024, kev muag khoom thoob ntiaj teb ntawm lub zog tshiab tsheb tau dhau ntawm cov tsheb roj thawj zaug, nrog cov roj teeb lithium suav txog 40% -50% ntawm tag nrho cov nqi. BYD's Blade Battery thiab CATL's CTP thev naus laus zis tau txuas ntxiv txhim kho lub zog ceev thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm lithium roj teeb los ntawm kev tsim kho tshiab.
Zog Cia Systems: Nrog kev loj hlob ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tauj dua tshiab xws li hnub ci thiab cua zog, lithium roj teeb lub zog cia tshuab tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ntsuas cov kab sib chaws. Piv txwv li, Tesla's Megapack lub zog khaws cia siv cov roj teeb lithium los muab lub zog txaus rau 20,000 tsev neeg rau ob teev ntawm ib qho nqi.
Aerospace: Lub zog siab ceev thiab qis tus kheej - tso tawm tus nqi ntawm lithium roj teeb ua rau lawv lub zog zoo tshaj plaws rau cov satellites, Mars rovers, thiab lwm lub dav hlau. Lub roj teeb lithium ntawm Tuam Tshoj qhov chaw nres tsheb tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ruaj khov hauv qhov kub thiab txias ntawm -40℃txog 85 degree.
Khoom siv: Automated guided vehicles (AGVs), industrial robots, thiab lwm yam khoom siv automated cia siab rau lithium roj teeb rau lub zog. Piv txwv li, AGV robots hauv Amazon warehouses tuaj yeem ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua ntev li 8 teev ntawm ib qho roj teeb lithium xwb.
IV. Yav tom ntej Trends: Cov kev sib tw los ntawm Khoom - Lub Xeev Roj Teeb thiab Sodium -Ion roj teeb
Khoom - Lub Xeev Roj Teeb: Los ntawm kev hloov cov kua electrolytes nrog cov khoom siv electrolytes, cov khoom muaj zog- lub xeev cov roj teeb tshem tawm qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev sib txuas nrog cov lithium roj teeb thiab tuaj yeem ua tiav lub zog ntom ntom ntawm 500 Wh / kg. Piv txwv li, WeLion New Energy cov khoom muaj zog- lub xeev cov roj teeb tau siv rau hauv lub tsheb tshiab, ua kom muaj ntau tshaj 1,000 mais. Txawm li cas los xij, tus nqi tsim khoom ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob- lub xeev cov roj teeb tseem siab, thiab lawv cov ionic conductivity tseem xav tau kev ua kom zoo dua.
Sodium{0}}Ion roj teeb: Sodium muaj ntau nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb pob zeb (400 npaug ntau tshaj li lithium), thiab sodium - ion roj teeb muaj qhov zoo nyob rau hauv qis - kub ua haujlwm thiab nqi. CATL thawj - tiam sodium- ion roj teeb muaj lub zog ceev ntawm 160 Wh / kg thiab tuaj yeem tswj tau ntau dua 90% ntawm nws lub peev xwm ntawm -20℃. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, sodium - roj teeb ion yuav tsum tau hloov cov roj teeb lithium hauv lub zog cia thiab siv hluav taws xob tsawg ceev.
Tus kheej -Innovation ntawm Lithium roj teeb: Tau ntsib cov teeb meem no, cov roj teeb lithium kuj tseem txhim kho lawv txoj haujlwm los ntawm cov khoom siv tshiab thiab kev ua kom zoo dua qub. Piv txwv li, silicon-raws li cov khoom siv anode tuaj yeem ua kom lub zog ntom ntom ntawm lithium roj teeb los ntawm 30%. Tshuab ziab electrode tuaj yeem txo cov nqi tsim khoom los ntawm 20%. Tsis tas li ntawd, AI algorithms tau siv los ua kom cov khoom siv roj teeb lithium tshiab, xws li Qingtao Energy siv nano- nplai cov khoom siv hluav taws xob kom ua tiav ultra- lub zog ceev thiab lub neej ntev.
V. Xaus: Qhov "Dominance" thiab "Coexistence" ntawm Lithium roj teeb
Lub dominance ntawm lithium roj teeb yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm cov qauv kev, kev ua tau zoo, thiab kev siv cov xwm txheej. Txawm li cas los xij, kev kawm txuj ci yeej tsis tso tseg. The emergence of solid-state batteries, sodium-ion batteries, and other new technologies is not about replacing lithium batteries but rather about coexisting and complementing them: lithium batteries will continue to dominate high-energy-density and long-lifespan applications, solid-state batteries will focus ntawm kev nyab xeeb thiab huab cua ib puag ncig, thiab sodium - ion roj teeb yuav them qis - tus nqi, loj - teev lub zog cia xav tau.
Raws li Academician Ouyang Minggao los ntawm Tuam Tshoj Academy of Sciences tau hais tias, "Nyob rau hauv kaum xyoo tom ntej no, lithium roj teeb yuav nyob twj ywm thev naus laus zis thev naus laus zis rau cov roj teeb hluav taws xob thiab lub zog cia roj teeb. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv nees nkaum xyoo, cov roj teeb hauv lub xeev thiab sodium- ion roj teeb yuav tuav tau ib nrab ntawm kev ua lag luam." Nyob rau hauv no marathon ntawm roj teeb technology, lub "dominance" ntawm lithium roj teeb yuav nws thiaj li muab txoj kev mus rau ib tug tshiab tshooj, tab sis nws txoj hauj lwm raws li lub hauv paus ntawm cov cuab yeej siv niaj hnub no twb tau sau rau hauv kev vam meej ntawm tib neeg kev vam meej.